Community-level dietary intake of sodium, potassium, and sodium-to-potassium ratio as a global public health problem: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Widespread adoption of a westernized diet represents major lifestyle change characterized by substantially higher sodium consumption and lower potassium intake, which is related to cardiovascular morbidity. Methods: We performed systematic review meta-analysis over published studies in accordance with quantifying the dietary intake universal population across world. The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar databases were used find research that pronounced 24-hour urinary or excretion (reference period: 2014–2021). effect size was estimated using fixed-effect model; sub-group analysis become accomplished determine disaggregated geographical location. Publication bias became evaluated usage graphical funnel plot. Data STATA 16. Results: Forty-three (n= 62,940) qualified selection criteria. mean 156.73 mmol/24h [95% confidence interval (CI), 148.98–164.47] 48.89 mmol/24 h (95% CI, 43.61–54.17), respectively; sodium/potassium ratio 3.68 2.96–4.40). Conclusions: This updated highlights excessively high low at community level most parts Na/K exceeded recommended WHO guidelines.